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Long Term Smoking Cessation Rate according to Mindfulness Level
J Korean Soc Res Nicotine Tob 2023; 14(2): 49-57
Published online June 30, 2023
© 2023 The Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.

Keum-Ji Kim1, Hye-Mi Noh1, Mi-Jeong Park2, Hong-Ji Song1, Kyung-Hee Park1, Young-Gyun Seo1, Hye-Ji Ahn1, Eon-Sook Lee3, Yu-Jin Paek1*

1Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 2Department of Family Medicine, Hwaseong DS Hospital, Hwaseong, 3Department of Family Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
Correspondence to: *백유진
한림대학교 성심병원 가정의학과
E-mail: noliaa@naver.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9573-8849
Received June 14, 2023; Revised June 27, 2023; Accepted June 27, 2023.
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, dis-tribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 Abstract
Background: The degree of mindfulness affects the success and maintenance of smoking cessation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the state of mindfulness scored using Korean mindfulness attention awareness scale (K-MAAS) and smoking cessation success rate.
Methods: Of total 506 participants enrolled in smoking cessation program at the camp from November 23, 2015 to July 24, 2017, we studied 290 participants who completed the K-MAAS and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaires before the start of the program. The urine cotinine qualitative test or self-report was used to identify smoking cessation at 3rd and 6th month after discharge. The K-MAAS score was divided into tertile groups. A lower K-MAAS score indicates a higher level of mindfulness. The relationship between the K-MAAS score and success rate of smoking cessation was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for the confounding factors.
Results: After the adjustment for age, sex, education level, alcohol intake, psychiatric illness, pack-years of smoking, nicotine dependency, and smoking cessation medication status, the success rate of smoking cessation at 3 months was not associated with mindfulness status. However, the success rate of smoking cessation at 6th month showed significant association with mindfulness status. The odds ratio for the intermediate and lowest tertile groups of K-MAAS score were 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-3.11) and 1.98 (95% [CI): 1.01- 3.91), respectively, as compared with the highest tertile group of K-MAAS score.
Conclusion: Conclusively, the higher mindfulness states were associated with successful smoking cessation after 6 months of the camp.
Keywords : Mindfulness; Smoking cessation; Awareness
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