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Area Specific Gap in Current Male Smoking and Factors Associated with a Secondary Data Analysis Based on a Socio-Ecological Model
J Korean Soc Res Nicotine Tob 2022; 13(1): 20-31
Published online March 30, 2022
© 2022 The Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.

Soo Kyung Jeong1, Gye Ae Kim1, Min Kyung Lim1, Youn Hee Kim1, Cho Hee Choi1, Sang Mi Lee2, Hun Jae Lee1*

1Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon,
2Department of Nursing, Dongyang University, Yeongju, Korea
Correspondence to: 이훈재
인하대학교 의과대학 사회의학교실
E-mail: lee4146@inha.ac.kr
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-6815
Received March 11, 2022; Revised March 23, 2022; Accepted March 23, 2022.
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, dis-tribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 Abstract
Background: The disparity in smoking prevalence and related health burdens has been among the most important global public health issues. This includes Korea, where the current smoking rate in males is quiet high, but varies significantly by area. To address this issue, area specific gaps in current smoking rates and potential associated factors were investigated in this study.
Methods: Secondary data from the national health survey, and statics provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Statistics Korea, and the Korean Ministry of Public Administration, were analyzed to determine the current male smoking rate and 37 additional statistics covering 255 geographic districts. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations of potential factors on the current smoking rates using multi-level approaches of the socio-ecological model. Statistical geographic information service was performed to compare their area distribution.
Results: The lowest and highest current smoking rates observed were 18.7% and 51.5%, respectively, revealing a rate variance of 32.8%. Male college graduation rate (β=−0.252, P< .05), annual weight control attempt rate (β=−0.183, P<.05), divorce rate (β=0.180, P< .05), monthly binge drinking rate (β=0.159, P<.05), and the number of bars per 1000 people in an area (β=0.155, P<.05) were all identified as meaningful factors associated with the rate gap.
Conclusion: Tailored tobacco control strategies and cessation services incorporating area specific environmental and individual factors should be implemented to minimize the gap in smoking prevalence and its related health burdens. Further research is required which comprehensively examines the evidence and provides effective practical solutions.
Keywords : Current male smoking rate; Area; Gap; Secondary data; Socio-ecological model
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