U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . E-Cigarette Use among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2016. https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/2016_sgr_full_report_non-508.pdf. 2016.
Cullen KA, Gentzke AS, Sawdey MD, Chang JT, Anic GM, Wang TW, et al. e-Cigarette Use Among Youth in the United States, 2019. Jama. 2019; 322(21): 2095-103.
Hrywna M, Bover Manderski MT, Delnevo CD. Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in New Jersey and Association With Social Factors. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(2): e1920961.
McKenzie M, Olsson CA, Jorm AF, Romaniuk H, Patton GC. Association of adolescent symptoms of depression and anxiety with daily smoking and nicotine dependence in young adulthood: findings from a 10-year longitudinal study. Addiction. 2010; 105(9): 1652-9.
Holliday E, Gould TJ. Nicotine, adolescence, and stress: A review of how stress can modulate the negative consequences of adolescent nicotine abuse. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016; 65: 173-84.
Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The statistics on the 15th Korea youth risk behavior survey in 2019 [Internet]. Cheongju: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2019 [cited 2020 July 22].
Miller CR, Smith DM, Goniewicz ML. Changes in Nicotine Product Use among Dual Users of Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2015. Subst Use Misuse. 2020; 55(6): 909-13.
Coleman B, Rostron B, Johnson SE, Persoskie A, Pearson J, Stanton C, et al. Transitions in electronic cigarette use among adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, Waves 1 and 2 (2013-2015). Tob Control. 2019; 28(1): 50-9.
Lee S, Grana RA, Glantz SA. Electronic cigarette use among Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study of market penetration, dual use, and relationship to quit attempts and former smoking. J Adolesc Health. 2014; 54(6): 684-90.
Vogel EA, Prochaska JJ, Ramo DE, Andres J, Rubinstein ML. Adolescents' E-Cigarette Use: Increases in Frequency, Dependence, and Nicotine Exposure Over 12 Months. J Adolesc Health. 2019; 64(6):770-5.
Wang JW LC, Kim EY. The Characteristics of Dual Users of Both Conventional Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes among Korean Adolescents. Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2014; 5(1): 10-8.
Lee JA, Lee S, Cho HJ. The Relation between Frequency of E-Cigarette Use and Frequency and Intensity of Cigarette Smoking among South Korean Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017; 14(3).
Wang JW LC, Kim EY. . The characteristics of dual users of both conventional cigarettes and E-cigarettes among Korean adolescents. Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2014; 5(1): 10-8.
Hahm SK LE. Comparison of the Smoking Cessation Behaviors of Dual Users and Cigarette-Only Smokers. Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2019; 10(2): 80-8.
Piper ME, Baker TB, Benowitz NL, Jorenby DE. Changes in Use Patterns Over 1 Year Among Smokers and Dual Users of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020; 22(5): 672-80.
Oh KH, Lee CM, Oh B, Oh SW, Joh HK, Choi HC, et al. The Relationship between Electronic Cigarette Use with or without Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Use among Adolescents: Finding from the 11th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Korean J Fam Med. 2019; 40(4):241-7.
Kang H, Cho SI. Heated tobacco product use among Korean adolescents. Tob Control. 2020; 29(4): 466-8.
Farsalinos K, Tomaselli V, Polosa R. Frequency of Use and Smoking Status of U.S. Adolescent E-Cigarette Users in 2015. Am J Prev Med. 2018; 54(6): 814-20.
Azagba S, Shan L, Latham K. Adolescent Dual Use Classification and Its Association With Nicotine Dependence and Quit Intentions. J Adolesc Health. 2019; 65(2): 195-201.
Vickerman KA, Schauer GL, Malarcher AM, Zhang L, Mowery P, Nash CM. Reasons for Electronic Nicotine Delivery System use and smoking abstinence at 6 months: a descriptive study of callers to employer and health plan-sponsored quitlines. Tob Control. 2017; 26(2): 126-34.
Sweet L, Brasky TM, Cooper S, Doogan N, Hinton A, Klein EG, et al. Quitting Behaviors Among Dual Cigarette and E-Cigarette Users and Cigarette Smokers Enrolled in the Tobacco User Adult Cohort. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019; 21(3): 278-84.
Kalkhoran S, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in real-world and clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2016; 4(2): 116-28.
Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA, Leventhal AM, Unger JB, Gibson LA, et al. Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017; 171(8):788-97.
Littlefield AK, Gottlieb JC, Cohen LM, Trotter DR. Electronic Cigarette Use Among College Students: Links to Gender, Race/Ethnicity, Smoking, and Heavy Drinking. J Am Coll Health. 2015; 63(8): 523-9.
Dai H, Catley D, Richter KP, Goggin K, Ellerbeck EF. Electronic Cigarettes and Future Marijuana Use: A Longitudinal Study. Pediatrics. 2018;141(5).